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  • Bringing people and ideas together to fund, conduct, and share transformative science.

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  • Founded by Jim and Marilyn Simons, we’re a private philanthropy advancing mathematics and basic science.

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Bringing people and ideas together to fund, conduct, and share transformative science.

Our grants advance knowledge and strengthen connections between science and society.

Discover the latest news, research, and updates.

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We convene scientists, mathematicians, and thinkers to share ideas and explore new questions.

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Founded by Jim and Marilyn Simons, we’re a private philanthropy advancing mathematics and basic science.

Work with us on the frontier of basic science research.

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The Flatiron Institute is a research center that uses computational science to advance fields like physics, biology, and astronomy.

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Featured

Dissecting mechanisms of hyperarousal in autism and related disorders using the Simons Sleep Project

Funded Work

Gravity Follows Newton’s and Einstein’s Rules, Even at Cosmic Scales

April 15, 2026

Scientists Capture Superconductivity’s ‘Dancing Pairs’ for First Time, Filling Gap in Decades-Old Theory

April 15, 2026

How SURFiN Fellowships Jump-Started These 3 Neuroscience Students’ STEM Careers

March 18, 2026

Topology and Complexity

November 19, 2014

Results

  1. Feature representation under crowding in macaque V1 and V4 neuronal populations

    Publication
  2. Feedforward and feedback interactions between visual cortical areas use different population activity patterns

    Publication
    Brain function relies on the coordination of activity across multiple, recurrently connected brain areas. For instance, sensory information encoded in early sensory areas is relayed to, and further …
  3. Neuronal variability reflects probabilistic inference tuned to natural image statistics

    Publication
  4. Limited Evidence for Sensory Prediction Error Responses in Visual Cortex of Macaques and Humans

    Publication
    A recent formulation of predictive coding theory proposes that a subset of neurons in each cortical area encodes sensory prediction errors, the difference between predictions relayed from higher …
  5. Statistical methods for dissecting interactions between brain areas

    Publication
    The brain is composed of many functionally distinct areas. This organization supports distributed processing, and requires the coordination of signals across areas. Our understanding of how populations of …
  6. An Open Resource for Non-human Primate Optogenetics

    Publication
    Optogenetics has revolutionized neuroscience in small laboratory animals, but its effect on animal models more closely related to humans, such as non-human primates (NHPs), has been mixed …
  7. Decision Signals in the Local Field Potentials of Early and Mid-Level Macaque Visual Cortex

    Publication
    The neural basis of perceptual decision making has typically been studied using measurements of single neuron activity, though decisions are likely based on the activity of large neuronal …
  8. Principles of Corticocortical Communication: Proposed Schemes and Design Considerations

    Publication
    Nearly all brain functions involve routing neural activity among a distributed network of areas. Understanding this routing requires more than a description of interareal anatomical connectivity: it requires …
  9. Spatial contextual effects in primary visual cortex limit feature representation under crowding.

    Publication
    Crowding is a profound loss of discriminability of visual features, when a target stimulus is surrounded by distractors. Numerous studies of human perception have characterized how crowding depends …
  10. Binocular viewing geometry shapes the neural representation of the dynamic three-dimensional environment.

    Publication
    Sensory signals give rise to patterns of neural activity, which the brain uses to infer properties of the environment. For the visual system, considerable work has focused on …
  11. Predicting perceptual decisions using visual cortical population responses and choice history.

    Publication
    … relate fluctuations in small neuronal population responses, recorded simultaneously in primary visual cortex (V1) and area V4 of awake monkeys, to perceptual reports in an orientation discrimination …
  12. Cortical Areas Interact through a Communication Subspace.

    Publication
    Most brain functions involve interactions among multiple, distinct areas or nuclei. For instance, visual processing in primates requires the appropriate relaying of signals across many distinct cortical areas …
  13. Temporal Contingencies Determine Whether Adaptation Strengthens or Weakens Normalization.

    Publication
    … aspects of cortical computation. Specifically, we show that cross-orientation masking, a form of normalization, can be strengthened or weakened by adaptation depending on the temporal contingencies …
  14. Motor Cortex Embeds Muscle-like Commands in an Untangled Population Response

    Publication
    Primate motor cortex projects to spinal interneurons and motoneurons, suggesting that motor cortex activity may be dominated by muscle-like commands. Observations during reaching lend support to this …
  15. Stimulus-Driven Population Activity Patterns in Macaque Primary Visual Cortex

    Publication
    Dimensionality reduction has been applied in various brain areas to study the activity of populations of neurons. To interpret the outputs of dimensionality reduction, it is important to …
  16. The spatial structure of correlated neuronal variability

    Publication
    Shared neural variability is ubiquitous in cortical populations. While this variability is presumed to arise from overlapping synaptic input, its precise relationship to local circuit architecture remains unclear …

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