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  • Founded by Jim and Marilyn Simons, we’re a private philanthropy advancing mathematics and basic science.

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Bringing people and ideas together to fund, conduct, and share transformative science.

Our grants advance knowledge and strengthen connections between science and society.

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We convene scientists, mathematicians, and thinkers to share ideas and explore new questions.

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Founded by Jim and Marilyn Simons, we’re a private philanthropy advancing mathematics and basic science.

Work with us on the frontier of basic science research.

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The Flatiron Institute is a research center that uses computational science to advance fields like physics, biology, and astronomy.

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Featured

Dissecting mechanisms of hyperarousal in autism and related disorders using the Simons Sleep Project

Funded Work

Gravity Follows Newton’s and Einstein’s Rules, Even at Cosmic Scales

April 15, 2026

Scientists Capture Superconductivity’s ‘Dancing Pairs’ for First Time, Filling Gap in Decades-Old Theory

April 15, 2026

How SURFiN Fellowships Jump-Started These 3 Neuroscience Students’ STEM Careers

March 18, 2026

Results

  1. Value representations in the rodent orbitofrontal cortex drive learning, not choice

    Publication
    Humans and animals make predictions about the rewards they expect to receive in different situations. In formal models of behavior, these predictions are known as value representations, and …
  2. Multiple timescales of sensory-evidence accumulation across the dorsal cortex

    Publication
    Cortical areas seem to form a hierarchy of intrinsic timescales, but the relevance of this organization for cognitive behavior remains unknown. In particular, decisions requiring the gradual accrual …
  3. Stable choice coding in rat frontal orienting fields across model-predicted changes of mind

    Publication
    During decision making in a changing environment, evidence that may guide the decision accumulates until the point of action. In the rat, provisional choice is thought to be …
  4. Limitations of a proposed correction for slow drifts in decision criterion

    Publication
    Trial history biases in decision-making tasks are thought to reflect systematic updates of decision variables, therefore their precise nature informs conclusions about underlying heuristic strategies and learning …
  5. Sequential and efficient neural-population coding of complex task information

    Publication
    Recent work has highlighted that many types of variables are represented in each neocortical area. How can these many neural representations be organized together without interference and coherently …
  6. Subpopulations of neurons in lOFC encode previous and current rewards at time of choice

    Publication
    Studies of neural dynamics in lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC) have shown that subsets of neurons that encode distinct aspects of behavior, such as value, may project to common …
  7. Interrogating theoretical models of neural computation with emergent property inference

    Publication
    A cornerstone of theoretical neuroscience is the circuit model: a system of equations that captures a hypothesized neural mechanism. Such models are valuable when they give rise to …
  8. Geometry of abstract learned knowledge in the hippocampus

    Publication
  9. Collicular circuits for flexible sensorimotor routing

    Publication
  10. Extracting the dynamics of behavior in sensory decision-making experiments

    Publication
    Decision-making strategies evolve during training and can continue to vary even in well-trained animals. However, studies of sensory decision-making tend to characterize behavior in terms …
  11. Amplitude modulations of cortical sensory responses in pulsatile evidence accumulation

    Publication
    How does the brain internally represent a sequence of sensory information that jointly drives a decision-making behavior? Studies of perceptual decision-making have often assumed that sensory …
  12. An approach for long-term, multi-probe Neuropixels recordings in unrestrained rats

    Publication
    The use of Neuropixels probes for chronic neural recordings is in its infancy and initial studies leave questions about long-term stability and probe reusability unaddressed. Here we …
  13. Lateral orbitofrontal cortex promotes trial-by-trial learning of risky, but not spatial, biases

    Publication
    Individual choices are not made in isolation but are embedded in a series of past experiences, decisions, and outcomes. The effects of past experiences on choices, often called …
  14. Coarse Graining, Fixed Points, and Scaling in a Large Population of Neurons

    Publication
    We develop a phenomenological coarse-graining procedure for activity in a large network of neurons, and apply this to recordings from a population of 1000+ cells in the …
  15. Task-Dependent Changes in the Large-Scale Dynamics and Necessity of Cortical Regions

    Publication
    Neural activity throughout the cortex is correlated with perceptual decisions, but inactivation studies suggest that only a small number of areas are necessary for these behaviors. Here we …
  16. An Analysis of Decision under Risk in Rats

    Publication
    In 1979, Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky published a ground-breaking paper titled “Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk,” which presented a behavioral economic theory that …
  17. An Analysis of Decision under Risk in Rats.

    Publication
    In 1979, Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky published a ground-breaking paper titled "Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk," which presented a behavioral economic theory that …
  18. Rats adopt the optimal timescale for evidence integration in a dynamic environment.

    Publication
    Decision making in dynamic environments requires discounting old evidence that may no longer inform the current state of the world. Previous work found that humans discount old evidence …
  19. Causal contribution and dynamical encoding in the striatum during evidence accumulation.

    Publication
    A broad range of decision-making processes involve gradual accumulation of evidence over time, but the neural circuits responsible for this computation are not yet established. Recent data …
  20. An Accumulation-of-Evidence Task Using Visual Pulses for Mice Navigating in Virtual Reality.

    Publication
    The gradual accumulation of sensory evidence is a crucial component of perceptual decision making, but its neural mechanisms are still poorly understood. Given the wide availability of genetic …
  21. Posterior parietal cortex represents sensory history and mediates its effects on behaviour.

    Publication
    Many models of cognition and of neural computations posit the use and estimation of prior stimulus statistics: it has long been known that working memory and perception are …
  22. Collective Behavior of Place and Non-place Neurons in the Hippocampal Network.

    Publication
    Discussions of the hippocampus often focus on place cells, but many neurons are not place cells in any given environment. Here we describe the collective activity in such …
  23. Rat Prefrontal Cortex Inactivations during Decision Making Are Explained by Bistable Attractor Dynamics

    Publication
    Two-node attractor networks are flexible models for neural activity during decision making. Depending on the network configuration, these networks can model distinct aspects of decisions including evidence …
  24. Dorsal hippocampus contributes to model-based planning

    Publication
    Planning can be defined as action selection that leverages an internal model of the outcomes likely to follow each possible action. Its neural mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here …

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