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  • Founded by Jim and Marilyn Simons, we’re a private philanthropy advancing mathematics and basic science.

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Bringing people and ideas together to fund, conduct, and share transformative science.

Our grants advance knowledge and strengthen connections between science and society.

Discover the latest news, research, and updates.

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We convene scientists, mathematicians, and thinkers to share ideas and explore new questions.

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Founded by Jim and Marilyn Simons, we’re a private philanthropy advancing mathematics and basic science.

Work with us on the frontier of basic science research.

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The Flatiron Institute is a research center that uses computational science to advance fields like physics, biology, and astronomy.

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Featured

Dissecting mechanisms of hyperarousal in autism and related disorders using the Simons Sleep Project

Funded Work

Gravity Follows Newton’s and Einstein’s Rules, Even at Cosmic Scales

April 15, 2026

Scientists Capture Superconductivity’s ‘Dancing Pairs’ for First Time, Filling Gap in Decades-Old Theory

April 15, 2026

How SURFiN Fellowships Jump-Started These 3 Neuroscience Students’ STEM Careers

March 18, 2026

Results

  1. Probing Biological and Artificial Neural Networks with Task-dependent Neural Manifolds

    Publication
    In recent years, growth in our understanding of the computations performed in both biological and artificial neural networks has largely been driven by either low-level mechanistic studies …
  2. Catalyzing next-generation Artificial Intelligence through NeuroAI

    Publication
  3. Recurrent Connections in the Primate Ventral Visual Stream Mediate a Trade-Off Between Task Performance and Network Size During Core Object Recognition

    Publication
    The computational role of the abundant feedback connections in the ventral visual stream is unclear, enabling humans and nonhuman primates to effortlessly recognize objects across a multitude of …
  4. Chronically implantable LED arrays for behavioral optogenetics in primates

    Publication
    Optogenetic methods have been widely used in rodent brains, but remain relatively under-developed for nonhuman primates such as rhesus macaques, an animal model with a large brain …
  5. Unsupervised changes in core object recognition behavior are predicted by neural plasticity in inferior temporal cortex

    Publication
  6. Unsupervised neural network models of the ventral visual stream

    Publication
    Deep neural networks currently provide the best quantitative models of the response patterns of neurons throughout the primate ventral visual stream. However, such networks have remained implausible as …
  7. Unsupervised neural network models of the ventral visual stream

    Publication
    Deep neural networks currently provide the best quantitative models of the response patterns of neurons throughout the primate ventral visual stream. However, such networks have remained implausible as …
  8. Fast Recurrent Processing via Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex Is Needed by the Primate Ventral Stream for Robust Core Visual Object Recognition

    Publication
    Distributed neural population spiking patterns in macaque inferior temporal (IT) cortex that support core object recognition require additional time to develop for specific, "late-solved" images. This suggests …
  9. An Open Resource for Non-human Primate Optogenetics

    Publication
    Optogenetics has revolutionized neuroscience in small laboratory animals, but its effect on animal models more closely related to humans, such as non-human primates (NHPs), has been mixed …
  10. Integrative Benchmarking to Advance Neurally Mechanistic Models of Human Intelligence

    Publication
    A potentially organizing goal of the brain and cognitive sciences is to accurately explain domains of human intelligence as executable, neurally mechanistic models. Years of research have led …
  11. The inferior temporal cortex is a potential cortical precursor of orthographic processing in untrained monkeys

    Publication
    The ability to recognize written letter strings is foundational to human reading, but the underlying neuronal mechanisms remain largely unknown. Recent behavioral research in baboons suggests that non …
  12. Evidence that recurrent circuits are critical to the ventral stream’s execution of core object recognition behavior

    Publication
    Non-recurrent deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are currently the best at modeling core object recognition, a behavior that is supported by the densely recurrent primate ventral stream …
  13. Neural dynamics at successive stages of the ventral visual stream are consistent with hierarchical error signals.

    Publication
    Ventral visual stream neural responses are dynamic, even for static image presentations. However, dynamical neural models of visual cortex are lacking as most progress has been made modeling …
  14. Large-scale, high-resolution comparison of the core visual object recognition behavior of humans, monkeys, and state-of-the-art deep artificial neural networks

    Publication
    Primates—including humans—can typically recognize objects in visual images at a glance even in spite of naturally occurring identity-preserving image transformations (e.g. changes in viewpoint …
  15. Minimally invasive multimode optical fiber microendoscope for deep brain fluorescence imaging.

    Publication
    A major open challenge in neuroscience is the ability to measure and perturb neural activity in vivo from well defined neural sub-populations at cellular resolution anywhere in …

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