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  • Founded by Jim and Marilyn Simons, we’re a private philanthropy advancing mathematics and basic science.

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Bringing people and ideas together to fund, conduct, and share transformative science.

Our grants advance knowledge and strengthen connections between science and society.

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We convene scientists, mathematicians, and thinkers to share ideas and explore new questions.

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Founded by Jim and Marilyn Simons, we’re a private philanthropy advancing mathematics and basic science.

Work with us on the frontier of basic science research.

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The Flatiron Institute is a research center that uses computational science to advance fields like physics, biology, and astronomy.

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Featured

Dissecting mechanisms of hyperarousal in autism and related disorders using the Simons Sleep Project

Funded Work

Gravity Follows Newton’s and Einstein’s Rules, Even at Cosmic Scales

April 15, 2026

Scientists Capture Superconductivity’s ‘Dancing Pairs’ for First Time, Filling Gap in Decades-Old Theory

April 15, 2026

How SURFiN Fellowships Jump-Started These 3 Neuroscience Students’ STEM Careers

March 18, 2026

Results

  1. Cortical-hippocampal coupling during manifold exploration in motor cortex

    Publication
  2. Imagination as a fundamental function of the hippocampus

    Publication
  3. A consensus statement on detection of hippocampal sharp wave ripples and differentiation from other fast oscillations

    Publication
  4. The Neurodata Without Borders ecosystem for neurophysiological data science

    Publication
  5. Ultraflexible electrode arrays for months-long high-density electrophysiological mapping of thousands of neurons in rodents

    Publication
  6. Spatial preferences account for inter-animal variability during the continual learning of a dynamic cognitive task

    Publication
    Understanding the complexities of behavior is necessary to interpret neurophysiological data and establish animal models of neuropsychiatric disease. This understanding requires knowledge of the underlying information-processing structure …
  7. A Variable Clock Underlies Internally Generated Hippocampal Sequences

    Publication
    Humans have the ability to store and retrieve memories with various degrees of specificity, and recent advances in reinforcement learning have identified benefits to learning when past experience …
  8. Dentate gyrus and CA3 GABAergic interneurons bidirectionally modulate signatures of internal and external drive to CA1

    Publication
    Specific classes of GABAergic neurons play specific roles in regulating information processing in the brain. In the hippocampus, two major classes, parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) and somatostatin-expressing (SST …
  9. Rats use memory confidence to guide decisions

    Publication
    Memory enables access to past experiences to guide future behavior. Humans can determine which memories to trust (high confidence) and which to doubt (low confidence). How memory retrieval …
  10. Hippocampal replay of experience at real-world speeds

    Publication
    Representations related to past experiences play a critical role in memory and decision-making processes. The rat hippocampus expresses these types of representations during sharp-wave ripple (SWR …
  11. Prefrontal cortical activity predicts the occurrence of nonlocal hippocampal representations during spatial navigation

    Publication
    The receptive field of a neuron describes the regions of a stimulus space where the neuron is consistently active. Sparse spiking outside of the receptive field is often …
  12. Hippocampal replay reflects specific past experiences rather than a plan for subsequent choice

    Publication
    Executing memory-guided behavior requires storage of information about experience and later recall of that information to inform choices. Awake hippocampal replay, when hippocampal neural ensembles briefly reactivate …
  13. Real-Time Point Process Filter for Multidimensional Decoding Problems Using Mixture Models

    Publication
    … decoding a rat position only drops by less than 9% and 4% in RMSE and 95% highest probability coverage area (HPD) performance metrics. Though the marked-point …
  14. Memory Alone Does Not Account for the Way Rats Learn a Simple Spatial Alternation Task

    Publication
    Animal behavior provides context for understanding disease models and physiology. However, that behavior is often characterized subjectively, creating opportunity for misinterpretation and misunderstanding. For example, spatial alternation tasks …
  15. Dorsal and Ventral Hippocampal Sharp-Wave Ripples Activate Distinct Nucleus Accumbens Networks.

    Publication
    Memories of positive experiences link places, events, and reward outcomes. These memories recruit interactions between the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens (NAc). Both dorsal and ventral hippocampus (dH and …
  16. Constant Sub-second Cycling between Representations of Possible Futures in the Hippocampus.

    Publication
    Cognitive faculties such as imagination, planning, and decision-making entail the ability to represent hypothetical experience. Crucially, animal behavior in natural settings implies that the brain can represent …
  17. Early Hippocampal Sharp-Wave Ripple Deficits Predict Later Learning and Memory Impairments in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model.

    Publication
    Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive memory loss, and there is a pressing need to identify early pathophysiological alterations that predict subsequent memory impairment. Hippocampal sharp …
  18. BRAIN Initiative: Cutting-Edge Tools and Resources for the Community.

    Publication
    The overarching goal of the NIH BRAIN (Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies) Initiative is to advance the understanding of healthy and diseased brain circuit function through technological …
  19. Chronic Implantation of Multiple Flexible Polymer Electrode Arrays.

    Publication
    Simultaneous recordings from large populations of individual neurons across distributed brain regions over months to years will enable new avenues of scientific and clinical development. The use of …
  20. A microfabricated, 3D-sharpened silicon shuttle for insertion of flexible electrode arrays through dura mater into brain.

    Publication
    … recording experiments. This sharpening process can also be integrated into silicon electrode array fabrication.
  21. The hippocampal sharp wave-ripple in memory retrieval for immediate use and consolidation

    Publication
    Various cognitive functions have long been known to require the hippocampus. Recently, progress has been made in identifying the hippocampal neural activity patterns that implement these functions. One …
  22. High-Density, Long-Lasting, and Multi-region Electrophysiological Recordings Using Polymer Electrode Arrays

    Publication
    The brain is a massive neuronal network, organized into anatomically distributed sub-circuits, with functionally relevant activity occurring at timescales ranging from milliseconds to years. Current methods to …
  23. The hippocampal sharp wave-ripple in memory retrieval for immediate use and consolidation.

    Publication
    Various cognitive functions have long been known to require the hippocampus. Recently, progress has been made in identifying the hippocampal neural activity patterns that implement these functions. One …
  24. Neural Activity Patterns Underlying Spatial Coding in the Hippocampus.

    Publication
    The hippocampus is well known as a central site for memory processing-critical for storing and later retrieving the experiences events of daily life so they can be …
  25. Specific hippocampal representations are linked to generalized cortical representations in memory.

    Publication
    Memories link information about specific experiences to more general knowledge that is abstracted from and contextualizes those experiences. Hippocampal-cortical activity patterns representing features of past experience are …
  26. Three brain states in the hippocampus and cortex.

    Publication
    Contemporary brain research seeks to understand how cognition is reducible to neural activity. Crucially, much of this effort is guided by a scientific paradigm that views neural activity …
  27. Hippocampal-prefrontal reactivation during learning is stronger in awake as compared to sleep states.

    Publication
    … reactivation and are important for learning, but their specific memory functions remain unclear. Here, we found profound differences in hippocampal-cortical reactivation during awake and sleep SWRs …
  28. A cortical-hippocampal-cortical loop of information processing during memory consolidation

    Publication
    Hippocampal replay during sharp-wave ripple events (SWRs) is thought to drive memory consolidation in hippocampal and cortical circuits. Changes in neocortical activity can precede SWR events, but …

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