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Here, we present a protocol for using a versatile treadmill system to measure locomotion and neural activity at high temporal resolution in head-fixed mice. We first describe …

Glymphatic fluid transport eliminates metabolic waste from the brain including amyloid-β, yet the methodology for studying efflux remains rudimentary. Here, we develop a method to evaluate glymphatic …

We review theoretical and numerical models of the glymphatic system, which circulates cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid around the brain, facilitating solute transport. Models enable hypothesis development and …

In the past decade, evidence for a fluid clearance pathway in the central nervous system known as the glymphatic system has grown. According to the glymphatic system concept …

Sleep has a complex micro-architecture, encompassing micro-arousals, sleep spindles and transitions between sleep stages. Fragmented sleep impairs memory consolidation, whereas spindle-rich and delta-rich non …

Perivascular spaces (PVS) drain brain waste metabolites, but their specific flow paths are debated. Meningeal pia mater reportedly forms the outermost boundary that confines flow around blood vessels …

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flows through the perivascular spaces (PVSs) surrounding cerebral arteries. Revealing the mechanisms driving that flow could bring improved understanding of brain waste transport and insights …

… unique morphological wave features. These findings strongly suggest a common physiological mechanism underlying the two classes of phenomena. The slow blood flow and volume oscillations causing intracranial …

Flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through perivascular spaces (PVSs) in the brain delivers nutrients, clears metabolic waste, and causes edema formation. Brain-wide imaging cannot resolve PVSs, and …

… hypertension, treatment with highly blood-brain barrier permeable β-blockers reduces the risk of Alzheimer's disease compared to low permeability drugs. Our findings support the hypothesis …

… vasomotor, respiration, and cardiac rhythms in human brain increase during sleep, extending previous observations of their association with glymphatic brain clearance during sleep in rodents. The magnitudes …

The emerging interest in brain fluid transport has prompted a need for techniques that provide an understanding of what factors regulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production. Here, we describe …

All biological processes including movement, digestion, and thought require energy, and the metabolic activity necessary to generate that energy also generates waste. Metabolic by-products, including a variety …

Cerebral edema develops after anoxic brain injury. In two models of asphyxial and asystolic cardiac arrest without resuscitation, we found that edema develops shortly after anoxia secondary to …

Throughout the body, lymphatic fluid movement supports critical functions including clearance of excess fluid and metabolic waste. The glymphatic system is the analog of the lymphatic system in …

Accumulation of amyloid-β is a key neuropathological feature in brain of Alzheimer's disease patients. Alterations in cerebral haemodynamics, such as arterial impulse propagation driving the (peri …

Small vessel disease (SVD) is a common instigator of dementia in the aging population. The hallmarks of SVD are enlargement of the perivascular spaces and white matter hyperintensities …

The glymphatic system is a fluid-transport system that accesses all regions of the brain. It facilitates the exchange of cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid and clears waste …

Brain harbors a unique ability to, figuratively speaking, shift its gears. During wakefulness, the brain is geared fully towards processing information and behaving, while homeostatic functions predominate during …

Cortical spreading depolarization (CSD) is a propagating wave of tissue depolarization characterized by a large increase of extracellular potassium concentration and prolonged subsequent electrical silencing of neurons. Waves …

Purpose: Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) represents the only available approach for glymphatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow 3D mapping in the brain of living animals and humans …

The emerging interest in brain fluid transport has prompted a need for techniques that provide an understanding of what factors regulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production. Here, we describe …

The glymphatic system is network of perivascular spaces through which cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid can move through the brain, clearing metabolic waste, such as amyloid beta, lactate …

The glymphatic system is a network of perivascular spaces that promotes movement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the brain and clearance of metabolic waste. This fluid transport system …

Sleep is evolutionarily conserved across all species, and impaired sleep is a common trait of the diseased brain. Sleep quality decreases as we age, and disruption of the …

Sexual dimorphism is evident in brain structure, size, and function throughout multiple species. Here, we tested whether cerebrospinal fluid entry into the glymphatic system, a network of perivascular …

Stroke affects millions each year. Poststroke brain edema predicts the severity of eventual stroke damage, yet our concept of how edema develops is incomplete and treatment options remain …