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Neural decoding and neuromodulation technologies hold great promise for treating mood and other brain disorders in next-generation therapies that manipulate functional brain networks. Here we perform a …

The cortex organizes sensory information to enable discrimination and generalization1-4. As systematic representations of chemical odour space have not yet been described in the olfactory cortex, it …

The vascular interface of the brain, known as the blood-brain barrier (BBB), is understood to maintain brain function in part via its low transcellular permeability1-3. Yet …

We demonstrate that an achiral stretching force transforms disk-shaped colloidal membranes composed of chiral rods into twisted ribbons with handedness opposite the preferred twist of the rods …

Normative models of neural computation offer simplified yet lucid mathematical descriptions of murky biological phenomena. Previously, online Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to model a network of …

A genetic etiology is identified for one-third of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), with 8% of cases attributable to coding de novo variants (DNVs). To assess …

Nervous systems contain sensory neurons, local neurons, projection neurons, and motor neurons. To understand how these building blocks form whole circuits, we must distil these broad classes into …

Comprehensive analysis of neuronal networks requires brain-wide measurement of connectivity, activity, and gene expression. Although high-throughput methods are available for mapping brain-wide activity and transcriptomes …

Quantum spin liquids can be faithfully represented and efficiently characterized within the framework of Projected Entangled Pair States (PEPS). Guided by extensive exact diagonalization and density matrix renormalization …

Many naturalistic behaviors are built from modular components that are expressed sequentially. Although striatal circuits have been implicated in action selection and implementation, the neural mechanisms that compose …

A novel optimization formulation is provided for holographic phase retrieval with data subjected to Poisson shot noise in the low-photon regime. This formulation, based on regularized maximum …

Methods for one-photon fluorescent imaging of calcium dynamics can capture the activity of hundreds of neurons across large fields of view at a low equipment complexity and …

Decision-making in complex environments relies on flexibly using prior experience. This process depends on the medial frontal cortex (MFC) and the medial temporal lobe, but it remains …

Different types of Drosophila dopaminergic neurons (DANs) reinforce memories of unique valence and provide state-dependent motivational control [1]. Prior studies suggest that the compartment architecture of the …

AU Microscopii (AU Mic) is the second closest pre main sequence star, at a distance of 9.79 parsecs and with an age of 22 million years. AU …

The entorhinal cortex (EC) is a critical element of the hippocampal formation located within the medial temporal lobe (MTL) in primates. The EC has historically received attention for …

Microbial diversity in the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung decreases over decades as pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa take over. The dynamics of the CF microbiome and metabolome …

Contemporary reinforcement learning (RL) theory suggests that potential choices can be evaluated by strategies that may or may not be sensitive to the computational structure of tasks. A …

Bayesian decision theory provides a simple formal elucidation of some of the ways that representation and representational abstraction are involved with, and exploit, both prediction and its rather …

How bulk cytoplasm generates forces to separate post-anaphase microtubule (MT) asters in Xenopus laevis and other large eggs remains unclear. Previous models proposed dynein-based organelle transport …

The demonstration of superconductivity in nickelate analogues of high Tc cuprates provides new perspectives on the physics of correlated electron materials. The degree to which the nickelate electronic …

The measurement precision of modern quantum simulators is intrinsically constrained by the limited set of measurements that can be efficiently implemented on hardware. This fundamental limitation is particularly …

Neurons represent spatial information in diverse reference frames, but it remains unclear whether neural reference frames change with task demands and whether these changes can account for behavior …

Evolved stars near the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) show solar-like oscillations with periods spanning hours to months and amplitudes ranging from ∼1 mmag to …

A mechanistic understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 viral replication cycle is essential to develop new therapies for the COVID-19 global health crisis. In this study, we …

The large number of available sequences and the diversity of protein functions challenge current experimental and computational approaches to determining and predicting protein function. We present a deep …

Dopamine (DA) neurons are to encode reward prediction error (RPE), in addition to other signals, such as salience. While RPE is known to support learning, the role of …

Neurons are often considered specialized functional units that encode a single variable. However, many neurons are observed to respond to a mix of disparate sensory, cognitive, and behavioral …

We present a neural network architecture that is fully equivariant with respect to transformations under the Lorentz group, a fundamental symmetry of space and time in physics. The …

The supplementary motor area (SMA) is believed to contribute to higher order aspects of motor control. We considered a key higher order role: tracking progress throughout an action …