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  • Bringing people and ideas together to fund, conduct, and share transformative science.

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  • Founded by Jim and Marilyn Simons, we’re a private philanthropy advancing mathematics and basic science.

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Bringing people and ideas together to fund, conduct, and share transformative science.

Our grants advance knowledge and strengthen connections between science and society.

Discover the latest news, research, and updates.

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We convene scientists, mathematicians, and thinkers to share ideas and explore new questions.

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Founded by Jim and Marilyn Simons, we’re a private philanthropy advancing mathematics and basic science.

Work with us on the frontier of basic science research.

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The Flatiron Institute is a research center that uses computational science to advance fields like physics, biology, and astronomy.

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Featured

Dissecting mechanisms of hyperarousal in autism and related disorders using the Simons Sleep Project

Funded Work

Gravity Follows Newton’s and Einstein’s Rules, Even at Cosmic Scales

April 15, 2026

Scientists Capture Superconductivity’s ‘Dancing Pairs’ for First Time, Filling Gap in Decades-Old Theory

April 15, 2026

How SURFiN Fellowships Jump-Started These 3 Neuroscience Students’ STEM Careers

March 18, 2026

Results

  1. A response to claims of emergent intelligence and sentience in a dish

    Publication
  2. Spontaneous behaviour is structured by reinforcement without explicit reward

    Publication
  3. Wireless multi-lateral optofluidic microsystems for real-time programmable optogenetics and photopharmacology

    Publication
    In vivo optogenetics and photopharmacology are two techniques for controlling neuronal activity that have immense potential in neuroscience research. Their applications in tether-free groups of animals have …
  4. Neurophotonic tools for microscopic measurements and manipulation: status report

    Publication
    Neurophotonics was launched in 2014 coinciding with the launch of the BRAIN Initiative focused on development of technologies for advancement of neuroscience. For the last seven years, Neurophotonics …
  5. Striatal indirect pathway mediates exploration via collicular competition

    Publication
    The ability to suppress actions that lead to a negative outcome and explore alternative actions is necessary for optimal decision making. Although the basal ganglia have been implicated …
  6. Social isolation uncovers a circuit underlying context-dependent territory-covering micturition

    Publication
    The release of urine, or micturition, serves a fundamental physiological function and, in many species, is critical for social communication. In mice, the pattern of urine release is …
  7. Anatomically segregated basal ganglia pathways allow parallel behavioral modulation

    Publication
    In the basal ganglia (BG), anatomically segregated and topographically organized feedforward circuits are thought to modulate multiple behaviors in parallel. Although topographically arranged BG circuits have been described …
  8. Anatomically segregated basal ganglia pathways allow parallel behavioral modulation

    Publication
    In the basal ganglia (BG), anatomically segregated and topographically organized feedforward circuits are thought to modulate multiple behaviors in parallel. Although topographically arranged BG circuits have been described …
  9. Viral manipulation of functionally distinct interneurons in mice, non-human primates and humans

    Publication
    Recent success in identifying gene-regulatory elements in the context of recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors has enabled cell-type-restricted gene expression. However, within the cerebral cortex …
  10. Viral manipulation of functionally distinct interneurons in mice, non-human primates and humans.

    Publication
  11. The Striatum Organizes 3D Behavior via Moment-to-Moment Action Selection

    Publication
    Many naturalistic behaviors are built from modular components that are expressed sequentially. Although striatal circuits have been implicated in action selection and implementation, the neural mechanisms that compose …
  12. Population imaging of neural activity in awake behaving mice.

    Publication
    A longstanding goal in neuroscience has been to image membrane voltage across a population of individual neurons in an awake, behaving mammal. Here we describe a genetically encoded …
  13. Depth-resolved fiber photometry with a single tapered optical fiber implant.

    Publication
    Fiber photometry is increasingly utilized to monitor fluorescent sensors of neural activity in the brain. However, most implementations are based on flat-cleaved optical fibers that can only …
  14. Monitoring Behaviorally Induced Biochemical Changes Using Fluorescence Lifetime Photometry

    Publication
    All cells respond to extracellular signals by altering their intracellular biochemical state. In neurons, such signaling regulates many aspects of cell and synapse biology and induces changes that …
  15. Distinct Cortical-Thalamic-Striatal Circuits through the Parafascicular Nucleus

    Publication
    The thalamic parafascicular nucleus (PF), an excitatory input to the basal ganglia, is targeted with deep-brain stimulation to alleviate a range of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Furthermore, PF lesions …
  16. The Three-Dimensional Signal Collection Field for Fiber Photometry in Brain Tissue.

    Publication
    Fiber photometry is used to monitor signals from fluorescent indicators in genetically-defined neural populations in behaving animals. Recently, fiber photometry has rapidly expanded and it now provides …
  17. The Striatum Organizes 3D Behavior via Moment-to-Moment Action Selection.

    Publication
    Many naturalistic behaviors are built from modular components that are expressed sequentially. Although striatal circuits have been implicated in action selection and implementation, the neural mechanisms that compose …
  18. Tailoring light delivery for optogenetics by modal demultiplexing in tapered optical fibers.

    Publication
    Optogenetic control of neural activity in deep brain regions ideally requires precise and flexible light delivery with non-invasive devices. To this end, Tapered Optical Fibers (TFs) represent …
  19. Genetically Distinct Parallel Pathways in the Entopeduncular Nucleus for Limbic and Sensorimotor Output of the Basal Ganglia.

    Publication
    The basal ganglia (BG) integrate inputs from diverse sensorimotor, limbic, and associative regions to guide action-selection and goal-directed behaviors. The entopeduncular nucleus (EP) is a major …
  20. Neuroligin-1-dependent competition regulates cortical synaptogenesis and synapse number.

    Publication
  21. Glutamate induces de novo growth of functional spines in developing cortex.

    Publication

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