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  • Bringing people and ideas together to fund, conduct, and share transformative science.

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  • Founded by Jim and Marilyn Simons, we’re a private philanthropy advancing mathematics and basic science.

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Bringing people and ideas together to fund, conduct, and share transformative science.

Our grants advance knowledge and strengthen connections between science and society.

Discover the latest news, research, and updates.

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We convene scientists, mathematicians, and thinkers to share ideas and explore new questions.

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Founded by Jim and Marilyn Simons, we’re a private philanthropy advancing mathematics and basic science.

Work with us on the frontier of basic science research.

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The Flatiron Institute is a research center that uses computational science to advance fields like physics, biology, and astronomy.

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Featured

Dissecting mechanisms of hyperarousal in autism and related disorders using the Simons Sleep Project

Funded Work

Gravity Follows Newton’s and Einstein’s Rules, Even at Cosmic Scales

April 15, 2026

Scientists Capture Superconductivity’s ‘Dancing Pairs’ for First Time, Filling Gap in Decades-Old Theory

April 15, 2026

How SURFiN Fellowships Jump-Started These 3 Neuroscience Students’ STEM Careers

March 18, 2026

Results

  1. A searchable image resource of Drosophila GAL4-driver expression patterns with single neuron resolution

    Publication
  2. The connectome of the adult Drosophila mushroom body provides insights into function

    Publication
    Making inferences about the computations performed by neuronal circuits from synapse-level connectivity maps is an emerging opportunity in neuroscience. The mushroom body (MB) is well positioned for …
  3. Cell types and neuronal circuitry underlying female aggression in Drosophila

    Publication
    Aggressive social interactions are used to compete for limited resources and are regulated by complex sensory cues and the organism's internal state. While both sexes exhibit aggression …
  4. The Mind of a Mouse

    Publication
    Large scientific projects in genomics and astronomy are influential not because they answer any single question but because they enable investigation of continuously arising new questions from the …
  5. A connectome and analysis of the adult Drosophila central brain

    Publication
    The neural circuits responsible for animal behavior remain largely unknown. We summarize new methods and present the circuitry of a large fraction of the brain of the fruit …
  6. The Neuroanatomical Ultrastructure and Function of a Biological Ring Attractor

    Publication
    Neural representations of head direction (HD) have been discovered in many species. Theoretical work has proposed that the dynamics associated with these representations are generated, maintained, and updated …
  7. Complete Connectomic Reconstruction of Olfactory Projection Neurons in the Fly Brain

    Publication
    Nervous systems contain sensory neurons, local neurons, projection neurons, and motor neurons. To understand how these building blocks form whole circuits, we must distil these broad classes into …
  8. Input Connectivity Reveals Additional Heterogeneity of Dopaminergic Reinforcement in Drosophila

    Publication
    Different types of Drosophila dopaminergic neurons (DANs) reinforce memories of unique valence and provide state-dependent motivational control [1]. Prior studies suggest that the compartment architecture of the …
  9. Toward nanoscale localization of memory engrams in Drosophila.

    Publication
    The Mushroom Body (MB) is the primary location of stored associative memories in the Drosophila brain. We discuss recent advances in understanding the MB's neuronal circuits made …
  10. A genetic, genomic, and computational resource for exploring neural circuit function.

    Publication
    … extract the part of the cell that contains the genetic code from the neurons with the marker. Finally, a statistical tool was used to assess which genes …
  11. Nitric oxide acts as a cotransmitter in a subset of dopaminergic neurons to diversify memory dynamics.

    Publication
    Animals employ diverse learning rules and synaptic plasticity dynamics to record temporal and statistical information about the world. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this diversity are poorly understood …
  12. Neurogenetic dissection of the Drosophila lateral horn reveals major outputs, diverse behavioural functions, and interactions with the mushroom body.

    Publication
    Animals exhibit innate behaviours to a variety of sensory stimuli including olfactory cues. In Drosophila, one higher olfactory centre, the lateral horn (LH), is implicated in innate behaviour …
  13. Cortical column and whole-brain imaging with molecular contrast and nanoscale resolution.

    Publication
    Optical and electron microscopy have made tremendous inroads toward understanding the complexity of the brain. However, optical microscopy offers insufficient resolution to reveal subcellular details, and electron microscopy …
  14. Communication from Learned to Innate Olfactory Processing Centers Is Required for Memory Retrieval in Drosophila.

    Publication
    The behavioral response to a sensory stimulus may depend on both learned and innate neuronal representations. How these circuits interact to produce appropriate behavior is unknown. In Drosophila …
  15. Ultra-selective looming detection from radial motion opponency.

    Publication
    Nervous systems combine lower-level sensory signals to detect higher-order stimulus features critical to survival, such as the visual looming motion created by an imminent collision or …
  16. A Circuit Node that Integrates Convergent Input from Neuromodulatory and Social Behavior-Promoting Neurons to Control Aggression in Drosophila

    Publication
    Diffuse neuromodulatory systems such as norepinephrine (NE) control brain-wide states such as arousal, but whether they control complex social behaviors more specifically is not clear. Octopamine (OA …
  17. The comprehensive connectome of a neural substrate for ‘ON’ motion detection in Drosophila

    Publication
    Analysing computations in neural circuits often uses simplified models because the actual neuronal implementation is not known. For example, a problem in vision, how the eye detects image …

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