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Recent success in identifying gene-regulatory elements in the context of recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors has enabled cell-type-restricted gene expression. However, within the cerebral cortex …

IL-4 activates macrophages to adopt distinct phenotypes associated with clearance of helminth infections and tissue repair, but the phenotype depends on the cellular lineage of these macrophages …

Clustered Regularly Interspace Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 genome editing methods provide the tools necessary to examine phenotypic impacts of targeted perturbations in high-throughput screens. While these …

When testing for a rare disease, prevalence estimates can be highly sensitive to uncertainty in the specificity and sensitivity of the test. Bayesian inference is a natural way …

Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) accumulation in the brain is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s Disease. An important mechanism of Aβ clearance in the brain is uptake and degradation …

The representation of odor in olfactory cortex (piriform) is distributive and unstructured and can only be afforded behavioral significance upon learning. We performed 2-photon imaging to examine …

Many cognitive processes involve transformations of distributed representations in neural populations, creating a need for population-level models. Recurrent neural network models fulfill this need, but there are …

An animal's decision depends not only on incoming sensory evidence but also on its fluctuating internal state. This state embodies multiple cognitive factors, such as arousal and …

In multiple cortical areas, including the motor cortex, neurons have similar firing rate statistics whether we observe or execute movements. These "congruent" neurons are hypothesized to support action …

We introduce a mechanism for light-induced Floquet engineering of the Fermi surface to dynamically tip the balance between competing instabilities in correlated condensed matter systems in the …

Humans and animals can effortlessly coordinate their movements with external stimuli. This capacity indicates that sensory inputs can rapidly and flexibly reconfigure the ongoing dynamics in the neural …

Aging has a profound and devastating effect on the brain. Old age is accompanied by declining cognitive function and enhanced risk of brain diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative …

Mapping the causal effects of one brain region on another is a challenging problem in neuroscience that we approached through invasive direct manipulation of brain function together with …

Nearly all brain functions involve routing neural activity among a distributed network of areas. Understanding this routing requires more than a description of interareal anatomical connectivity: it requires …

The aged systemic milieu promotes cellular and cognitive impairments in the hippocampus. Here, we report that aging of the hematopoietic system directly contributes to the pro-aging effects …

The ability to recognize written letter strings is foundational to human reading, but the underlying neuronal mechanisms remain largely unknown. Recent behavioral research in baboons suggests that non …

The visual responses of neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) are influenced by the animal's position in the environment [1-5]. V1 responses encode positions that …

Animal behavior provides context for understanding disease models and physiology. However, that behavior is often characterized subjectively, creating opportunity for misinterpretation and misunderstanding. For example, spatial alternation tasks …

Previously, in (Hermundstad et al., 2014), we showed that when sampling is limiting, the efficient coding principle leads to a "variance is salience" hypothesis, and that this hypothesis …

Adipose tissue eosinophils (ATEs) are important in the control of obesity-associated inflammation and metabolic disease. However, the way in which ageing impacts the regulatory role of ATEs …

Episodic memory is believed to be intimately related to our experience of the passage of time. Indeed, neurons in the hippocampus and other brain regions critical to episodic …

The Quijote simulations are a set of 44,100 full N-body simulations spanning more than 7000 cosmological models in the …

… FREYA, a robust data processing pipeline and statistical analyses framework, at freya.flatironinstitute.org.

Transferring knowledge between species is challenging: different species contain distinct proteomes and cellular architectures, which cause their proteins to carry out different functions via different interaction networks. Many …

Many experimental studies suggest that animals can rapidly learn to identify odors and predict the rewards associated with them. However, the underlying plasticity mechanism remains elusive. In particular …

'Normal aging' in the brain refers to age-related changes that occur independent of disease, in particular Alzheimer's disease. A major barrier to mapping normal brain …

The large power requirement of current brain-machine interfaces is a major hindrance to their clinical translation. In basic behavioural tasks, the downsampled magnitude of the 300-1 …