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The activation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), a key enzyme in cellular signaling, may prove to be a useful biomarker in autism, as an aid in early …

Chromosomal microarray (CMA) analysis to detect copy number variations (CNVs) —duplication or deletion of chromosomal regions — is the recommended first-tier diagnostic screen for autism, and studies of …

Autism has strong genetic origins, but neither common nor rare gene variants explain the majority of cases.

Although intellectual impairment is not one of the diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorders, half or more of all people with autism have an intellectual disability.

Autism encompasses a range of cognitive and behavioral characteristics, and studies suggest that certain genetic abnormalities are common in individuals with autism.

Autism spectrum disorders share common features of impaired social relationships, impaired language and communication, repetitive behaviors and a limited range of interests.

Many single-gene disorders linked to autism affect proteins that modulate the translation of messenger RNA into proteins that function at synapses, the junctions between neurons.

A hallmark of autism spectrum disorders is impaired social interactions.

The term ‘autism spectrum disorder’ exemplifies the tremendous heterogeneity in this neurodevelopmental disorder at both the clinical and underlying genetic levels.

Contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2, encoded by the gene CNTNAP2) is a cell adhesion molecule that is essential for proper neuronal function.

Abnormal brain wiring during early development may be a causal factor in autism spectrum disorders.

Stelios Smirnakis and his team at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas, worked to understand how genetic defects in autism lead to malfunction at the circuit level.

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Autism spectrum disorders and fragile X syndrome have a remarkable clinical association and share biological ties to the molecular pathways critical for communication between brain cells, at synaptic …

Genetic factors are thought to play a major role in the occurrence of autism.

Some copy number variants associated with autism lead to measurable anatomical defects or exhibit ‘mirrored phenotypes,’ meaning that deletions and duplications of the chromosomal region have opposite anatomical …

Growing evidence indicates that neuronal circuit dysfunction may underlie autism behaviors, although the nature of this impairment and how it leads to autism is still unclear.

A newly discovered genetic condition called TMLHE deficiency results in the loss of the ability to make carnitine in the body.

Children with autism spectrum disorders vary considerably in their language abilities, but even verbally proficient children have difficulty with two aspects of language: pragmatic inference, which uses context …

Growing evidence links errors in genetic control to autism.

Electrical signals in neurons rely on the proper function of voltage‐gated sodium channels.

Functional connectivity in the brain refers to the synchronization of neuronal circuits to transfer information within and between the circuits.

Autism can be caused by a number of different genetic alterations, some of which result in known syndromes.

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Angelman syndrome is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by intellectual disability, motor dysfunction, seizures and the absence of speech, and it shows a high comorbidity with autism.

Dennis Wall and his colleagues used machine learning to study gold-standard instruments used for assisting the diagnosis of autism.

Certain gene mutations can compromise normal protein functioning, leading to heritable diseases.

The most common genetic cause of autism is the deletion or duplication of a small region of human chromosome 16.

A major obstacle impeding the development of effective treatments for autism is the complexity of factors, such as genetic mutations, epigenetics and environmental influences that contribute to the …

Angelman syndrome is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by intellectual disability, motor dysfunction, seizures and the absence of speech, and it shows a high comorbidity with autism.

Despite tremendous efforts to genetically and phenotypically characterize individuals with autism, we are still at the earliest stages of understanding how autism occurs.

A hallmark symptom of autism spectrum disorders is impairment in social interactions, yet little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying this deficit.

Motor stereotypies, a core feature of autism, are involuntary, repetitive movements that are often associated with self-injury.

A hallmark of autism is impairment in reciprocal social interaction, including inadequate eye contact and failure to recognize emotions.

In daily life, people often experience activation of multiple sensory systems at the same time.

Perturbed neuronal arborization, or branching, and defects in long-range connectivity are likely to be shared mechanisms in many forms of severe autism.

Pavel Osten and his colleagues at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York studied mouse brain circuits that mediate social and other innate behaviors, such as aggression and …

Autism spectrum disorders are prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders that involve early postnatal symptoms and regression of developmental milestones within the first few years of life.

Despite the high heritability of autism, the genetic risk factors are still poorly understood.

Several genes have been identified that contribute to the risk of developing autism spectrum disorders.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication, and restricted, stereotyped behaviors that manifest in early childhood.

The chemical messenger serotonin has long been associated with autism.

We lack effective tools for assessing behavior and cognition in the most severely impaired individuals with autism.

Autism spectrum disorder is widely regarded as one of the most severe childhood psychiatric conditions.

The younger siblings of children diagnosed with autism are at an increased risk for autism themselves.

There is an immense need to find new treatments for children with autism.

The mission of the Simons Center for the Social Brain at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), directed by Mriganka Sur, is to understand the neural mechanisms underlying …

Some forms of autism spectrum disorder include stereotyped, repetitive motor behaviors.