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Natural behaviors occur in closed action-perception loops and are supported by dynamic and flexible beliefs abstracted away from our immediate sensory milieu. How this real-world flexibility …

Organisms must perform sensory-motor behaviors to survive. What bounds or constraints limit behavioral performance? Previously, we found that the gradient-climbing speed of a chemotaxing Escherichia coli …

Galaxy clusters are the most massive, gravitationally-bound structures in the Universe, emerging through hierarchical structure formation of large-scale dark matter and baryon overdensities. Early galaxy "proto …

The recognizable shapes of landforms arise from processes such as erosion by wind or water currents. However, explaining the physical origin of natural structures is challenging due to …

The efficiency of Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) can suffer when sampling a distribution with a wide range of length scales, because the small step sizes needed for stability …

The generality and robustness of inference algorithms is critical to the success of widely used probabilistic programming languages such as Stan, PyMC, Pyro, and this http URL. When …

This paper presents the Learning the Universe Implicit Likelihood Inference (LtU-ILI) pipeline, a codebase for rapid, user-friendly, and cutting-edge machine learning (ML) inference in astrophysics …

Our ability to calculate rate constants of biochemical processes using molecular dynamics simulations is severely limited by the fact that the time scales for reactions, or changes in …

Using data from the first flight of SPIDER and from the Planck High Frequency Instrument, we probe the properties of polarized emission from interstellar dust in the SPIDER …

Recent observations with JWST have uncovered unexpectedly high cosmic star formation activity in the early Universe, mere hundreds of millions of years after the big bang. These observations …

… networks with far fewer simulations needed to obtain asymptotically optimal inference.

We present a sample of 88 candidate z~8.5-14.5 galaxies selected from the completed NIRCam imaging from the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science (CEERS) survey …

Recent works have discovered a relatively tight correlation between \(\Omega_{\rm m}\) and properties of individual simulated galaxies. Because of this, it has been shown that constraints on …

The streaming instability (SI) is a leading candidate for planetesimal formation, which can concentrate solids through two-way aerodynamic interactions with the gas. The resulting concentrations can become …

The presence of dense, neutral hydrogen clouds in the hot, diffuse intra-group and intra-cluster medium is an important clue to the physical processes controlling the survival …

Cosmic voids identified in the spatial distribution of galaxies provide complementary information to two-point statistics. In particular, constraints on the neutrino mass sum, \(\sum m_\nu\), promise …

The Next Generation Deep Extragalactic Exploratory Public (NGDEEP) survey program was designed specifically to include Near Infrared Slitless Spectroscopic observations (NGDEEP-NISS) to detect multiple emission lines in …

Stellar streams are sensitive tracers of the gravitational potential, which is typically assumed to be static in the inner Galaxy. However, massive mergers like Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus can …

With dedicated exoplanet surveys underway for multiple extreme-precision radial velocity (EPRV) instruments, the near-future prospects of RV exoplanet science are promising. These surveys' generous time allocations …

Hot Neptunes, gaseous planets smaller than Saturn (\(\sim\) 3-8 R\(_\oplus\)) with orbital periods less than 10 days, are rare. Models predict this is due to high …

We present an estimate of the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) detector polarization angle systematic uncertainty from optics perturbation analysis using polarization-sensitive ray tracing in CODE V optical …

The vast majority of gravitational-wave signals from stellar-mass compact binary mergers are too weak to be individually detected with present-day instruments and instead contribute to …

We present AstroCLIP, a single, versatile model that can embed both galaxy images and spectra into a shared, physically meaningful latent space. These embeddings can then be used …

The newly updated GIZMO and Simba based simulation, Simba-C, with its new stellar feedback, chemical enrichment, and recalibrated AGN feedback, allows for a detailed study of the …

It is well established that supermassive black hole (SMBH) feedback is crucial for regulating the evolution of massive, if not all, galaxies. However, modelling the interplay between SMBHs …

The first "seeds" of supermassive black holes (BH) can range from \(\sim10^2-10^6~M_{\odot}\). However, the lowest mass seeds (\(\lesssim10^3 M_{\odot}\)) are inaccessible …

Recent polarimetric mm-observations of the galactic centre showed sinusoidal loops in the \(\mathcal {Q{\small --}U}\) plane with a duration of one hour. The loops coincide with …

… atmosphere, where they can cool the gas. Whether the instability can emerge for a specific stratification depends on the initial dust grain sizes and the initial dust …

Aims. We provide an in-depth analysis of the COSMOS-Web ring, an Einstein ring at z=2 that we serendipitously discovered in the COSMOS-Web survey and …

Small planets transiting bright nearby stars are essential to our understanding of the formation and evolution of exoplanetary systems. However, few constitute prime targets for atmospheric characterization, and …

Located at the bottom of the main sequence, ultracool dwarf stars are widespread in the solar neighbourhood. Nevertheless, their extremely low luminosity has left their planetary population largely …

Gas giants transiting bright nearby stars provide crucial insights into planetary system formation and evolution mechanisms. Most of these planets exhibit certain average characteristics, serving as benchmarks for …

With dedicated exoplanet surveys underway for multiple extreme-precision radial velocity (EPRV) instruments, the near-future prospects of RV exoplanet science are promising. These surveys' generous time allocations …

Transformers have revolutionized machine learning across diverse domains, yet understanding their behavior remains crucial, particularly in high-stakes applications. This paper introduces the contextual counting task, a novel …

… imprecision in spike generation under constant stimulation, and the characteristic operational variability and noise in the brain. Our model presents a significant departure from the traditional, feedforward …

Whilst current observational evidence favors a close-to-Gaussian spectrum of primordial perturbations, there exist many models of the early Universe that predict this distribution to have exponentially …

We present AstroCLIP, a single, versatile model that can embed both galaxy images and spectra into a shared, physically meaningful latent space. These embeddings can then be used …

How do neurons code information? Recent work emphasizes properties of population codes, such as their geometry and decodable information, using measures that are blind to the native tunings …

Diffuse midline glioma (DMG), including Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), is an aggressive brain tumor in children with limited treatment options. Recent developments of phase 1 clinical trials …

We study the computational and sample complexity of learning a target function f∗ : Rd → R with additive structure, that is, f∗(x) = 1 √ M M m=1fm(⟨x …

The Simons Observatory (SO) is a next-generation ground-based telescope located in the Atacama Desert in Chile, designed to map the cosmic microwave background (CMB) with unprecedented …