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Animal brains have evolved to encode social stimuli and transform these representations into advantageous behavioral responses. The commonalities and differences of these representations across species are not well …

Recent understanding of how the systemic environment shapes the brain throughout life has led to numerous intervention strategies to slow brain ageing1-3. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) makes up …

This paper describes the first all-sky search for long-duration, quasi-monochromatic gravitational-wave signals emitted by ultralight scalar boson clouds around spinning black holes using data …

Despite decades of experimental and clinical practice, the neuropsychological mechanisms underlying neurofeedback (NF) training remain obscure. NF is a unique form of reinforcement learning (RL) task, during which …

Optical imaging of calcium signals in the brain has enabled researchers to observe the activity of hundreds-to-thousands of individual neurons simultaneously. Current methods predominantly use morphological …

Labeled protein-based biomaterials have become popular for various biomedical applications such as tissue-engineered, therapeutic, and diagnostic scaffolds. Labeling of protein biomaterials, including with ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron …

The ensemble of chemical element abundance measurements for stars, along with precision distances and orbit properties, provides high-dimensional data to study the evolution of the Milky Way …

Controlling behavior to flexibly achieve desired goals depends on the ability to monitor one's own performance. It is unknown how performance monitoring can be both flexible, to …

Parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons play a critical role in maintaining circuit rhythm in the brain, and their reduction is implicated in autism spectrum disorders. Animal studies demonstrate that …

The alignment of planetary orbits with respect to the stellar rotation preserves information on their dynamical histories. Measuring this angle for young planets help illuminate the mechanisms that …

We present a spectrally accurate embedded boundary method for solving linear, inhomogeneous, elliptic partial differential equations (PDE) in general smooth geometries, focusing in this manuscript on the Poisson …

There is a growing effort in the “physics of behavior” that aims at complete quantitative characterization of animal movements under more complex, naturalistic conditions. One reaction to the …

Cholinergic interneurons (ChINs) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) have been implicated in the extinction of drug associations, as well as related plasticity in medium spiny neurons (MSNs). However …

There is a growing effort in the “physics of behavior” that aims at complete quantitative characterization of animal movements under more complex, naturalistic conditions. One reaction to the …

In the past decade, convolutional neural networks (CNN) have achieved state-of-the-art results in denoising. The goal of this work is to advance our understanding of …

… task-informative. Overall, these results provide a new framework for how intelligent systems can flexibly and robustly adapt to changes in task structure by adjusting information routing …

… This allows us to investigate to what extent the change in perception across the visual field can be accounted for by well-understood models of low-level …

The perception of sensory attributes is often quantified through measurements of discriminability (the ability to detect small stimulus changes), as well as through direct judgements of appearance or …

There is a need for better classification and understanding of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Here, we applied advanced functional genomics to interrogate 9,000 human tumors and multiple …

We perform a comparative 2 2 real space cluster DMFT study on minimal models for NdNiO

Physical theories that depend on many parameters or are tested against data from many different experiments pose unique challenges to statistical inference. Many models in particle physics, astrophysics …

Diet as a whole, encompassing food composition, calorie intake, and the length and frequency of fasting periods, affects the time span in which health and functional capacity are …

Epitopes that bind simultaneously to all human alleles of Major Histocompatibility Complex class II (MHC II) are considered one of the key factors for the development of improved …

Complex distortions on calcium imaging often impair image registration accuracy. Here, we developed a registration algorithm, PatchWarp, to robustly correct slow image distortion for calcium imaging data. PatchWarp …

Recent advances combining two-photon calcium imaging and two-photon optogenetics with computer-generated holography now allow us to read and write the activity of large populations of …

The distance to the Galactic center R0 is a fundamental parameter for understanding the Milky Way, because all observations of our Galaxy are made from our heliocentric reference …

Most systems neuroscience studies fall into one of two categories: basic science work aimed at understanding the relationship between neurons and behavior, or translational work aimed at developing …

Parametric computer-aided design (CAD) tools are the predominant way that engineers specify physical structures, from bicycle pedals to airplanes to printed circuit boards. The key characteristic of …

Observations of the Milky Way's low-α disk show that at fixed metallicity, [Fe/H], several element abundance, [X/Fe], correlate with age, with unique slopes and …

Uncertain feedback processes in galaxies affect the distribution of matter, currently limiting the power of weak lensing surveys. If we can identify cosmological statistics that are robust against …

Neural activity is heterogeneous across different cortical areas and can change during learning. Here, we describe a protocol for longitudinal in vivo two-photon calcium imaging with an …

Sub-millimeter emission lines produced by the interstellar medium (ISM) are strong tracers of star formation and are some of the main targets of line intensity mapping (LIM …