Solar Radiation Management

The Simons Foundation’s Mathematics and Physical Sciences (MPS) division invites applications for a new Solar Radiation Management program (SRM). The foundation strongly encourages applications from scientists in the global south and from investigators who may not have worked in SRM but have expertise that could bring new perspectives and skills to this field.

Please note that in the event of budgetary or other considerations, The Simons Foundation, Inc. reserves the right to refer an application to The Simons Foundation International, Ltd. (SFI) for consideration and funding, in which case SFI’s grant policies would apply.

Basis for Awards

The Simons Foundation has launched an international collaborative research program designed to fill fundamental scientific knowledge gaps relevant to Solar Radiation Management. SRM is an emerging collection of approaches, including stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI), marine cloud brightening (MCB) and cirrus cloud thinning (CCT), designed to modify the Earth’s radiative balance and cool the planet. Although reducing atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations is the only long-term strategy to mitigate climate change and other impacts, SRM might be able to ameliorate some of the negative impacts this century. However, SRM also may pose significant environmental and societal risks, including stratospheric warming, ozone depletion and changes in rainfall, thereby affecting water resources and agriculture. At present, not enough is known about SRM systems and their potential impacts to allow informed decision-making. This call aims to help fill key fundamental knowledge gaps in the science of SRM.

Priority areas for this call include:

• Environmentally benign materials discovery for SAI and CCT.
• Laboratory physicochemical characterization of SAI and CCT materials and their interactions with light, clouds, atmospheric trace gases and with themselves or ambient aerosols, with the aim to improve microphysical inputs to existing climate models.
• Approaches to minimize cirrus cloud formation, including from aircraft emissions.
• Assessments of near-field (<100 km) atmospheric turbulence and its impact on SAI and CCT interventions, primarily through modeling.
• Integration of improved representations of aerosols and turbulence into global-scale modeling, and characterization of global and regional impacts of novel materials for SAI and CCT.

Areas not within the scope of this program include social science research and in-situ field experiments involving aerosol release.

Proposals can be from individual investigators or small teams; the latter are not required to be from the same institution but must be organized via a main institution and subcontract institution(s). We will prioritize funding projects which have not been well supported through existing national programs.

Proposals will be judged on scientific quality, potential for impact, potential for collaboration, extent of training graduate students and postdocs, and broadening participation domestically and globally.

As a part of the program obligations, awardees will be invited and expected to attend an annual meeting held at and paid directly by the Simons Foundation.

Level and Duration of Funding

Proposal budgets should not exceed $500,000 per year, including indirect costs (limited to 20 percent modified total direct costs), for a period of three years. The foundation estimates up to six additional SRM awards will be made for awards starting July 1, 2025.

Eligibility Requirements

Applications may be submitted by established U.S. and foreign public and private educational and nonprofit institutes, research centers and national laboratories or the equivalent. Any entity must adhere to the 20 percent maximum overhead rate noted above. Principal Investigators (PIs), co-Investigators (co-Is) and other project participants may be from non-U.S. institutions

For those at universities: PIs and co-Is must hold a tenured or tenure-track faculty, or equivalent, position at an educational institution in a department with a Ph.D. program at the time of application and for the duration of the award. There are no restrictions on the department and/or discipline of the PIs/co-Is. A co-I must be employed by or be affiliated with a PI institution or another organization participating in the project under a consortium agreement. Please see the foundation’s grant policies for further information regarding requirements and responsibilities of PIs and co-Is.

For those at national labs or nonacademic institutions: PIs and co-Is must be Ph.D.-level full-time non-visiting research and/or senior scientist or equivalent staff members. Ph.D.-level research staff members may also participate as collaborators.

Allowable Expenses

The funding provided may be used to support research expenses in the following categories:

• Universities: for faculty on an academic year salary in PI or co-I roles, the grant can provide up to one month of summer salary support and related benefits. These salary funds are not substitutional (cannot be used to relieve a university of salary costs) and cannot be used to reduce teaching loads below the departmental norm. They can only be used to supplement the salary, similar to a summer salary in the U.S. system. For scientists at non-US universities on calendar year (12-month) salaries, the program will allow PIs and co-Is to request up to 1/12 of their calendar year salary as a contribution to research time, provided that the summer salary request is not in violation of their institution’s policies of more than 100 percent effort per year.
• All other institutions (including national laboratories): for those in PI or co-I roles, the grant can provide salary support and related benefits.
• For personnel other than PIs and co-Is, including staff/research scientists, postdoctoral, graduate and/or undergraduate research assistants, the grant can provide salary support and related benefits, including tuition support.
• Scientific domestic or international travel for project members per the travel policies of the awardee institution. Parking, hotel, taxi, registration and other related travel and conference costs are allowable.
• Meetings appropriate to the needs of the project, including meals, travel and lodging.
• Support for visitors and collaborators, including domestic and international travel, meals and lodging expenses.
• Research equipment, supplies and other expenses directly related to the research, including computers, computer support, professional literature, publication expenses and professional membership dues.
• Salary support for a project administrator.

Expenditures in other expense categories may be possible but must be approved in advance by the foundation.

Please see the Simons Foundation’s grant policies for further guidelines.

How to Apply

Letter of Intent:
A Letter of Intent (LOI) must be completed electronically and submitted via the Simons Award Manager (SAM) by September 30, 2024, at 12 p.m. (noon) EDT. Applications will require a two-page LOI and a two-page biosketch for each senior investigator. Please refer to the How to Apply instructions for further details.

Notifications of the status of the LOI will be sent by December 15, 2024.

Full Proposal:

A review of the LOI may lead to a request for a full proposal, which will be due by February 27, 2025, at 12 p.m. (noon) EDT. Selected applicants will be requested to submit a full statement of work, budget and other information, as outlined in the How to Apply instructions. Full proposal notifications will be sent by June 1, 2025.

Awards will begin July 1, 2025.
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Our Commitment to Diversity, Equity and Inclusion

Many of the greatest ideas and discoveries come from a diverse mix of minds, backgrounds and experiences. The Simons Foundation is committed to grantmaking that inspires and supports greater diversity and inclusiveness by cultivating a funding environment that ensures representation of all identities and differences and equitable access to information and resources for all applicants and grantees.

The Simons Foundation provides equal opportunities to all applicants for funding without regard to race, religion, color, age, sex, pregnancy, national origin, sexual orientation, gender identity, genetic disposition, neurodiversity, disability, veteran status or any other protected category under federal, state and local law. The foundation also funds programs directed at supporting scientists from disadvantaged backgrounds or underrepresented groups, often working closely with professional societies and other funding agencies.